What is established by Article III of the Constitution?

Article III of the Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government. It outlines the structure and powers of the judiciary, primarily focusing on the Supreme Court and the lower courts that Congress may establish. This article assigns the responsibility to interpret laws and administer justice, ensuring that all legal disputes and interpretations of the Constitution are handled through this branch.

One key component of Article III is the establishment of the Supreme Court, which is granted the ultimate authority in judicial matters. It also defines the jurisdiction of the federal courts and specifies that judges hold their positions for life, contingent upon good behavior, thereby ensuring judicial independence.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different branches of government or processes not covered in Article III; for example, the legislative powers are discussed in Article I, executive powers in Article II, and the amendment process in Article V. Thus, Article III specifically focuses on setting up the framework for the judicial system, solidifying its crucial role within the checks and balances of the U.S. government.