What is federalism?

Federalism is a system of government that divides power between a national government and state governments. This structure allows for a balance between a centralized authority and localized governance. Under federalism, certain powers are granted to the national government, such as defense, foreign affairs, and regulating interstate commerce, while other powers are reserved for the states, such as education and local law enforcement.

This division aims to ensure that governance is responsive to local needs while maintaining a unified national policy on broader issues. The Founding Fathers implemented federalism in the United States Constitution to limit the concentration of power and to promote a system of checks and balances. Each state can create its laws and govern its affairs, while still being part of a larger national system, providing a unique blend of cooperation and autonomy among the states and the federal government.

The other choices do not accurately represent the concept of federalism. For instance, stating that only state governments exist ignores the role of the national government. A method of electing senators refers to a specific political process rather than the overarching framework of power distribution. Lastly, while political parties play a crucial role in the political landscape, they are not inherently tied to the federalism principle itself.