What is the meaning of "judicial activism"?

Judicial activism refers to a judicial philosophy where judges interpret the Constitution and laws in a broad manner, allowing for more flexible application of legal principles to address contemporary issues and social justice. This approach often involves making decisions that may go beyond the original intent of the Constitution, reflecting a belief that the judiciary should play an active role in shaping policy and advancing social reforms.

Judicial activism can be seen in landmark Supreme Court cases where the courts have taken bold steps to protect individual rights or expand civil liberties. For example, cases involving issues such as civil rights, environmental protections, and healthcare often demonstrate this philosophy, as courts may interpret laws and constitutional provisions in ways that promote social change.

In contrast, other judicial philosophies, such as strict constructionism, emphasize a close adherence to the literal text of the Constitution and a more limited role for judges in policy-making, which does not align with the concept of judicial activism.