What was a characteristic of chiefdoms during the Mississippian Period?

Chiefdoms during the Mississippian Period were defined by a social structure characterized by social ranking, which included elites and commoners. This hierarchical organization allowed for the emergence of a ruling class that held significant power and influence over the society, often represented by a chief or leader who was part of the elite. This social stratification was integral to the functioning of Mississippian societies, as it enabled the organization of labor, allocation of resources, and the regulation of trade and ritual practices.

The existence of a social hierarchy contrasts with the notion of equality among all members, which was not a defining feature of chiefdoms during this time. Additionally, democratic governance and matriarchal leadership were not typical characteristics of Mississippian chiefdoms; instead, leadership was often centralized and patriarchal, with chiefs typically being male. The ranking system established a clear division within the community, affecting individuals' access to resources, status, and political power.