Who serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the United States armed forces?

The President of the United States is designated as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces by the U.S. Constitution, specifically in Article II, Section 2. This role empowers the President to make critical military decisions, oversee military operations, and command the army, navy, air force, and marines. This provision reflects a principle of civilian control over the military, ensuring that military power is exercised under political leadership rather than military leadership, which is fundamental to American democratic governance.

The other options represent positions or bodies that have significant roles relating to military affairs but do not hold the title of Commander-in-Chief. The Secretary of Defense is responsible for the administration of military affairs, the Congress has the power to declare war and provide funding for the military, and the Vice President has various duties, including serving on the National Security Council, but none of these roles include the direct command of the armed forces. Thus, the President's unique authority is pivotal for maintaining a balance between military preparedness and democratic oversight.